Here, we address the overlap between these two spectrum conditions, including neurobehavioral, psychiatric, and neurological commonalities, shared peripheral neuropathies and neuropathologies, and similar autonomic and immune dysregulation.
In particular, patients themselves are demanding more research into this growing area of interest, although science has been slow to answer that call. This paper reviews our current state of knowledge, as well as highlighting unanswered questions concerning this remarkable patient group, which we hope will attract further scientific interest in coming years.
On general examination, the patient exhibited a marfanoid habitus and a triangular face, short phil- trum, long nose and large prominent eyes (Fig.Ĭonsiderable interest has arisen concerning the relationship between hereditary connective tissue disorders such as the Ehlers-Danlos syndromes (EDS)/hypermobility spectrum disorders (HSD) and autism, both in terms of their comorbidity as well as co-occurrence within the same families. On musculo- skeletal examination, a slight asymmetry in the shape of the back was observed. In addition, the alveolar mucosa was very thin and translucent. 3 On oral examination, both the attached and marginal gingivae were swollen and demonstrated recession. This score was obtained by passive dorsiflexion of the little fingers beyond 90º (2 points) and passive apposition of the thumbs to the flexor aspect of the forearm (2 points). The patient scored 4 ⁄9 points on the Beighton scale (a score of ‡ 5 ⁄9 defines hyper- mobility). She had only mild cutaneous hyperelasticity, and minimal articular hypermobility limited to the digits.
Translucent skin skin#
Her skin was thin and translucent with a visible venous pattern (Fig. Two 'cigarette paper' scars were present on the right elbow and knee, respectively. examination revealed purple-brown atrophic plaques covering the pretibial areas and mimicking necrobiosis lipoidica (Fig. This is another adaptation that gives barreleyes an advantage over their prey. They also concluded that because of this unique adaptation , the barreleye can look in multiple directions, including straight up as it swims, allowing it to detect the silhouettes of available prey.īecause the scientists were able to study barreleye fish in their environment using ROVs (remotely operated vehicles), they also discovered that these deep-sea creatures are able to remain almost motionless in water thanks to their large flat fins. While it was previously believed that the fish had a fixed gaze that only allowed it to look straight up, researchers discovered that the eyes of the barreleye can rotate and are actually located within its clear head. In 2009, researchers at the Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute made several surprising discoveries about the barreleye. Sometimes called a "spook fish," no doubt because of its appearance, the barreleye has a completely transparent forehead. This unusual fish is found in the deep ocean.
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